Arabia Weather - The department responsible for monitoring climate data at the Regional Arabia Weather Center conducted a new study through which it investigated the reasons that made the rainy season distinctive in the north and center of the Kingdom, specifically the agricultural areas and the locations of dams, while the southern regions, especially the southwestern regions, suffered a severe shortage in rainfall amounts in Agricultural areas and dam locations. It can be said that the causes are three that are closely related to the nature of weather systems and the temperature of water bodies.

The first reason: The surface temperature of the waters of the Mediterranean Sea has witnessed a clear heating since last spring and has continued throughout the winter

After studying the latest computer modeling outputs, especially those showing the surface temperature of sea and ocean waters, we found that the Mediterranean Sea has witnessed a not-so-significant rise in the surface temperature of its waters since last spring, as some areas of the sea exceeded their supposed temperature by 5 degrees Celsius and were recorded at that time. 30 degrees Celsius, meaning that the surface of the water has become relatively hot. Physically, the specific heat of water is characterized by the fact that it stores thermal energy for long periods of time, which means that the surface heating of the water continued until the winter.

This, after God’s will, caused extreme cold to be drawn from the air masses coming across the European continent as they passed over the surface of the warm waters, and in return, supplied them with very large amounts of moisture stored due to the evaporation process. It can be said that this cause is the most prominent cause that made the rains of the north and center so abundant, thanks to God. The moisture that the air masses were gaining and nourishing from the water surface was translated into heavy rains in the north and center on more than one occasion.

The second cause: centers of depressions and cold and humid air masses

Praise be to God, the specialists at the Arabia Weather Center said that the Kingdom was affected by a fair number of weather depressions, but they were not mature enough or had scientifically complete characteristics to be classified as a very advanced degree, such as the fourth degree. Most of them ranged within the framework of the second degree, and some of them carried the third degree, but Despite this, it was not mature in terms of all characteristics, but it was characterized by some strong weather events that required raising the classification levels.

It is meteorologically known that the location of air depressions greatly affects the movement of winds, which may come from a marine source and be loaded with good news or good news, or they may come from a continental source and be dry and dusty. Specialists in the climate department said that the movement and positions of air depressions this year was very good for the north and center of the Kingdom. Which caused abundant rainfall in these two regions due to the winds always coming from their marine sources. It is noteworthy that most of the air depressions were concentrated over Turkish territory, especially its east and south, and thus they were not close enough for their rains to always include the southern regions, and this is what caused a severe decrease in the amounts of rain in those regions.

(It is worth noting that the Kingdom was also exposed to cold and humid air masses, many of which were not accompanied by clearly defined air depressions accompanied by very humid air currents that caused rain to fall at intervals, thank God, over northern and central Jordan.)

The third cause: unusual activity and interference of the Red Sea depression, causing the formation of thunderclouds with heavy rain and hail.

The specialists at the Arabia Weather Center reported, in a previous report evaluating the performance of the rainy season, that Jordan was exposed during the winter months to unusual activity and interference of the Red Sea depression with the winter systems (air depressions and cold air masses), which, God willing, produced several cases of atmospheric instability with complex characteristics that brought Thunderstorms occur on more than one occasion, and thunderclouds in these cases are characterized by bringing heavy rain in good quantities but within short periods of time, which enhanced the supply of rain totals along with the rain totals that resulted from weather depressions.

Scientifically and climatically: Does the El Nino phenomenon that continued during the past rainy season have a role in increasing rainfall totals in the north and center of the Kingdom?

Specialists in the climate department at the Arabia Weather Center explained that the El Nino phenomenon continued to influence a climate cycle during the past winter and is statistically linked to a rainy season that was higher than average in the Kingdom and the Middle East. However, it cannot be said with certainty that the abundance of rain is inevitably linked to the “El Nino” phenomenon, despite the necessity of... Emphasizing that these climate cycles are only an integral part of giant patterns that drive global weather systems.

The greatest knowledge remains to God Almighty, and praise be to God for His blessings.