Arabian Gulf | Why are scorching temperatures within the 50°C range considered a normal and recurring weather event every year?

Weather of Arabia - The countries of the Arabian Gulf witness very high temperatures reaching 50 degrees Celsius regularly every summer, so that scorching temperatures are considered a normal occurrence, making them among the hottest regions in the world. This harsh weather is not just a natural challenge, but rather a part of it. It is integral to the identity and culture of the region. The reasons for this phenomenon are due to the geographical location and the vast desert terrain that characterizes the region, which makes dealing with extreme temperatures an essential part of the residents’ daily lives and their ways of adapting despite the harsh weather conditions during the summer.

Arabia Weather reveals the scientific reasons why temperatures are scorching and within the 50 Celsius range in the Arabian Gulf

After conducting an extensive study on the flames that prevail in the summer atmosphere of the Arabian Gulf, the specialists of the Arabia Weather Center revealed that the causes are related to the nature of the geographical region and the weather patterns that dominate those areas, and the causes can be summarized as follows:

Astronomical reasons:

Near-vertical sunlight:

On June 21, the sun's rays are perpendicular to the Tropic of Cancer, which crosses the Arabian Peninsula (the date may vary slightly each year). The Tropic of Cancer crosses Riyadh and the Emirates, meaning that it passes through the middle of the Arabian Peninsula. The sun's rays being perpendicular means that the amount of radiation is very large, and leads to... This leads to a rise in temperatures in the region during the summer.

The desert of the Arabian Peninsula, which includes large areas such as the Rub al-Khali desert, the Nafud desert, and the Dahna desert, plays a major role in the intense heat during the summer in the region. There are several factors that contribute to this:

Reasons related to geography and vegetation:

The wide geographical extent of the desert:

The weather specialists at the Arabian Weather Center said that after conducting a geographical study on the Arabian Peninsula, it was noted that deserts extend over vast areas of the Arabian Peninsula, which leads to a significant impact on the local and regional climate. The climate department at the Arabian Weather Center explained that deserts absorb large amounts of heat during the day. It re-radiates during the night, which increases overall temperatures.

Lack of vegetation:

Deserts lack dense vegetation that can contribute to cooling the atmosphere through the process of transpiration (evaporation of water from plants), but specialists at the Arabia Weather Center said that the lack of vegetation means that most of the solar energy is absorbed directly from the ground and sandstones, which increases Temperatures.

Sandy soil:

According to the results of the Climate Department’s study of the geography of the Arabian Peninsula, it was noted that the sandy soil in deserts is characterized by its ability to absorb and heat heat quickly, which raises surface temperatures because the sand quickly heats up under the blazing sun and releases heat into the air, which increases overall temperatures.

Scarcity of surface water:

One of the latest geographical reasons that the specialists of the climate department in ArabiaWeather have found is that the scarcity of water in deserts means that evaporation, which can have a cooling effect, is limited. This leads to the accumulation of heat and the lack of means to cool the air naturally.

Reasons related to weather systems:

Atmospheric influences:

As for the weather causes, Arab weather specialists said that the winds coming from the deserts are usually dry and hot, and contribute to raising temperatures when they blow on residential areas and cities, and these winds, known as the “toxin winds” or “northern winds,” increase the severity of the heat.

A heat dome and Foehn winds are two sides of the same coin and promote warming in tandem

The climate section forecaster in ArabiaWeather added that the heat dome is considered one of the most prominent causes of intense heat in the Arabian Gulf, and it is a climate phenomenon that results from an area of high air pressure in the high layers of the atmosphere that works to heat the air in the lower layers of the atmosphere due to a dynamic process called (heating under pressure). Where, with the compression of the air in a certain area under the influence of an air ridge in the high layers of the atmosphere, a hot, surface air mass is created, the intensity of which varies according to the region and the intensity of the air ridge, and also according to the period of its formation during the year.

The air riser traps the hot air like a lid or cover on a boiling pot. As the hot air expands vertically in the atmosphere, the high pressure pushes it toward the ground again. The air is compressed again under the area of high atmospheric pressure, causing it to gain more heat. This is scientifically known as sub-heating. the pressure.

As for the Foehn phenomenon or Foehn winds, it is simply the fall of winds from the tops of high mountains towards the slopes and low valleys, where rapid heating of the air occurs. For example, the effect of the Foehn winds is clear on the Gulf when the winds come from the Zagros Mountains in the Arabian Gulf region, specifically Iraq and Kuwait, which causes Self-heating of the air enhances scorching temperatures.

Finally, the specialists said that as a result of these factors, temperatures in the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula can reach very high levels during the summer, leading to harsh climatic conditions that require taking precautionary measures to adapt to them, and these conditions affect daily life and economic and agricultural activities in the region, This makes water resource management and climate adaptation important for the people of the Arabian Peninsula.

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