Square and fifty.. This is the calendar of seasons and seasons in Jordan

Weather of Arabia - The Arabs and the Bedouin tribes in the region developed popular astronomy and multiple astronomical calculations because they relate to their life affairs that depend entirely on weather, climate and weather activities.

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Our ancestors watched the natural phenomena and the rising of the stars closely due to their connection with the climatic conditions, so that they had a complete vision that enabled them to organize their own seasons calendar, as they were able to link the beginnings of the seasons depending on the rising of some stars, so they arranged the days of the year and divided them on the basis of the rising of some stars, specifically the stars that rise in the houses. The 28th moon.

Calendar of seasons and seasons for the Jordanian tribes

Summer sections

The summer season begins astronomically with the rising of the Pleiades star on the seventh of June, then ends with the rising of the star Suhail on approximately the fifth of September; Our ancestors used to divide the summer season into sections, namely:

Squareness of heat

It is known to the Jordanians that the quadrature of winter is forty days of freezing cold, and therefore they dropped this name on the first forty days of summer, also as an indication of the intensity of the heat of these days.

Three stars arose during this period; The first of these stars is the Thuraya star, which appears on the date that we mentioned earlier, announcing the beginning of very hot days, so the day begins to gradually lengthen and the earth becomes covered with yellow as the harvest begins, and with it our ancestors said a well-known popular proverb: “He sets in deafness and rises in a dry flood.” When the star of the Thuraya is associated with The moon (that is, the star rising next to the moon) imprisons deafness - a group of camels, sheep, or cows - due to the end of spring and the lack of pastures, then it looks at a dry flood, indicating the harvest; In general, this proverb revolves around the confinement of cattle due to the dryness of pastures, and immersion is a unit of measurement used by our ancestors to calculate the amount of harvested plants, as the amount of immersion is precisely what a person can carry from the harvested plant at the level of the diameter of the intertwining of hands in a semi-circular shape.

The squareness of the heat continues despite the absence of the Pleiades, so the absence of the Pleiades star follows the rise of Aldebaran; What is called (Muqidah) or Majidah is an indication of the intense heat of the days that accompany its rising, as they liken it to a lighter that causes sparks. The star Aldebaran rises thirteen days after the Pleiades, and its sun is scorching, and the night is at its shortest, while the day is very long.

The quadrangle of heat ends with the rising of Gemini, the last star of this season. Our ancestors called it Muhannat al-Jamal, indicating that the camel yearns for water due to the scarcity of water and the dryness of all open water sources.

Khamsina al-Qaydh (Jamrat al-Qaydh)

It begins on the sixteenth of July (July), the most difficult fifty days in the summer, so the temperatures are at their highest levels and the winds are blistering, then the day is long and the night is short, as most of the summer fruits begin to ripen, so our Jordanian ancestors called them (grape cooks) as an indication of the intensity of the sun's rays , the star of euphoria; Sirius star Al Kleibeen and the star of Tarfa are the stars of this season.

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Autumn sections

(Hrv - Zero - Marking)

Jordanians start preparing their kit at the beginning of the Safar season or Al-Wasm, which are the popular names for the fall season (Autumn / (Fall), which includes the months of September, October and November, and is sometimes called (the three safari).

The sixth of September corresponds to the rising of the front star, the first star in the autumn season, and ends when the star of Al-Zabani disappears on the sixth of December, when seven stars rise in the autumn season, the sum of their rising days combined is ninety-two days; The days of Suhail are called (Safari), while the rest are called (Al-Wasm).

The star of the front is the first star in the fall season and the first star of Safari (the first part of the fall), when temperatures start to moderate slightly and the weather begins to prepare for the coup; The need for water for livestock decreases continuously, and some desert shrubs begin to bloom like acid. And the shin too.

The second zero star is the star Al-Zubra, which rises on the twentieth of September, and it occurs during the rising period of the autumnal equinox, when the length of the day begins to shorten, then its rain is one of the best rains that the earth may benefit from, and it is called rain (al-harif).

The last part of the autumn season is called (Al-Wasm), as the language of Al-Wasm is the sign or the scar, and it is named as an indication of its rains that make the earth cover with vegetables early. The tag ends with the absence of the star of Al-Zabani, which rises on (11/24), as the sixth of December is the astronomical last day of the fall season.

Winter sections

The winter season begins astronomically on the seventh of December and ends approximately on the seventh of March. It is the most difficult season for the people of the Jordanian desert. The hardest days of winter are the forty days or (the quadrennial), as it is very cold, reaching the limit of (the rain), and its rain may be scarce at times.

After the end of the winter quadrature, a period begins that our Jordanian ancestors called the fifties of winter, and its days are fifty, distributed as follows:

1- Shabt:

It is the season that follows the Al-Murabaaniyyah season, as it lasts twenty-six nights, starting on the fifteenth of January and ending on the ninth of February, as its days are cold and the stagnant water freezes, and our ancestors called it (Wailing Al-Hussaini) due to To the severity of the cold and lack of food.

2- Scorpions:

Divided into three stars, our ancestors classified them as follows (the first is poison, the middle is blood, and the last is fat). Its cold is severe, similar to poison. As for the second scorpion (blood scorpion), or Saad swallowed, it was called the scorpion of blood, because the cold begins to recede, and the blood returns to move in the body as a sign of warmth.

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Spring divisions

The spring season begins on the eighth of March, when the star of Saad al-Saud (the scorpion of fat) enters, and ends with the absence of the star of al-Bateen on the sixth of June. It is the best season for Jordanians, as trees bloom, herbs multiply, and livestock milk increases.

1- Fat scorpion: It was called the fat scorpion due to the fat that begins to form in livestock due to the abundant grass and green pastures.

2- Al-Humaimin: They are the two stars of Saad Al-Akhbia and Al-Furgh Al-Muqaddam: They were named by this name as a reference to the mother-in-law of the earth. Relatively dry and hot in the sun.

Source: Jordan Legacy Calendar