Water desalination.. Concept and working principle

ArabiaWeather.com- Muhammad Salameh- Some countries suffer from a shortage of fresh water resources, which makes them search for solutions that bypass falling into a water crisis, and this is what called these countries to resort to using sea water, but after treating it, and this is called desalination.

The concept of water desalination or desalination refers to a group of different industrial processes that help remove excess salts and minerals from water, especially sea water, with the aim of making it usable in various areas of life such as drinking, agriculture, industry and others.

There are many ways to desalinate water, and it generally depends on two principles: distillation, which is done by raising the temperature of salty water to the boiling point, and by collecting steam resulting from the process, distilled water is produced, which is treated with additives that make it suitable for drinking and irrigation.

The second principle is reverse osmosis, using membranes inside large tubes, through which salty water passes and is filtered.

Although water desalination has a practical benefit, it is a process that is not devoid of drawbacks, as it requires a lot of energy, and the desalination waste causes environmental damage. The concentrated solution resulting from desalination is returned to the sea, and this may cause an imbalance for marine life, but scientists expect A growing global interest in the areas of water desalination.