Why do buildings and facilities collapse.. Natural and human factors may cause this?

Weather of Arabia - There are many different reasons that may lead to the partial or total collapse of buildings, or lead to a shortening of their life span so that they must be evacuated as soon as possible.

The collapse of buildings is one of the things that cause massive disasters, as it produces many injured and victims who cannot survive themselves, and it is not a condition that only natural factors such as wind and humidity are the cause of this collapse. In many cases, people’s neglect causes this collapse. This disaster, so it is necessary to know the reasons leading to this matter to notice its existence from the beginning, and to avoid the occurrence of these damages, or to avoid doing them if they are of our own making, and these factors can be summarized in two main points, which are natural factors and human factors

Natural factors that lead to the collapse of buildings:

1. Heat : The change in temperature often causes expansion or contraction within building components, which leads to deformations in the building and becomes liable to fall.
2. Wind : The wind can cause weight on the roof of the building, and it also causes erosion of the roofs because of the sand and harmful gases it carries, as well as affecting the durability of the building and making it vulnerable to falling.
3. Humidity : Moisture dissolves the salts and carries them to the roofs of the building, which causes the fragmentation of these roofs and the building collapses, and moisture can occur as a result of heavy rain, or poor water drainage.
4. Earthquakes : The earthquake causes the walls to collapse, and the foundation on which the building is built, which makes it vulnerable to collapse, especially tall buildings. The earthquake has caused the death of many victims over the years.

Human factors that lead to the collapse of buildings:

That is, it is related to human actions, causing several damages to buildings, which in turn lead to collapse. These factors are engineering planning errors, neglect of building supervision, wrong restoration, the presence of adjacent buildings, not testing the soil well, not insulating the roofs of buildings.

1. Errors in engineering design : These errors often occur that lead to disasters, and are often related to the building’s ability to withstand wind or earthquakes and other natural factors that may cause collapse, as well as there are some designs that do not take into account the extra weights that are loaded On the building, the designs are not accurate enough, causing the building to collapse suddenly.
2. Neglecting building control : One of the main tasks of building control is to ensure the quality of raw materials and materials used in construction, and neglecting this matter has dire consequences, as workers and engineers may lack sufficient experience to know the best materials, and from here the problem occurs. Violators to carry out construction works that do not conform to legal specifications.
3. Wrong restoration : Although the restoration aims to make the building in a better condition, sometimes it may cause damage to it if it is not done in a well-thought-out and proper way, as this process must be carried out through a plan with certain standards that do not cause any defect It is balanced, and appropriate materials are used that do not lead to damage to the basics of the building, where great care must be taken when carrying out the restoration of facilities.
4. The presence of adjacent or adjacent buildings : When there are adjacent or adjacent buildings to each other, the risk of collapsing at the same time is likely to occur, so care must be taken when constructing a building that all possibilities are studied and the necessary procedures are put in place in the event of the collapse of any of the buildings adjacent to it, in order not to injure it and not to collapse the other.
5. Not testing the soil well : The soil is the basis on which structures are built, so studying it and knowing what it can withstand is one of the important things that must be well taken care of. Through soil testing, the maximum number of floors of the building is known, as well as the type of reinforcing steel And if this is neglected, the soil will not bear the building, which will expose it to cracks, and collapse completely.
6. Not insulating the roofs of buildings : Many neglect the work of a roof insulation system for buildings, which leads to water penetration into the building's basics, which is followed by erosion, which results in water leaks inside the building itself, making it vulnerable to collapse and fall.

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