Winter Pentecost and its stars

Arab Weather - Dr. Ammar Al-Sakaji, head of the Jordanian Astronomical Society, said that the winter square, which lasted 40 days, began with the moment of the winter solstice this year, at 12:20 pm on Saturday, December 21, 2024, Jordan time, and lasted 40 days, followed by the winter quintile, which lasts 50 days and ends at the beginning of the vernal equinox or spring season astronomically at 12 pm on Thursday, March 20, 2025, and is divided into four equal parts, each of which is approximately 12.5 days, which are, in order: Saad Al-Dhabih, Saad Bala, Saad Al-Suud, and Saad Al-Khabaya. These Sauds are linked to the stellar calendar, and each Saad is linked to a star in the sky and is approved by the International Astronomical Union, and its characteristics are recorded in astronomical atlases and tables .

According to the approximate popular heritage, the period of Saad Al-Dhabih is from February 1-13, Saad Bal’a (Abla’) is from February 13-25, Saad Al-Su’ud is from February 26-March 10, and Saad Al-Khabaya (Al-Akhbiya) is from March 10-22 .

Saad Al-Dhabih is associated with the name of the star " Dabih" and its name is "Beta Capricornus" and it is a binary star located in the constellation of Capricorn. The name of this star, which is derived from the Arabic origin, was registered by the International Astronomical Union on 8-21-2016. The star Saad Al-Dhabih rises on February 1 at 6:47 am Jordan time .

Saad Bala' (Abla') is associated with the name of the star Albali, whose scientific name is "Epsilon Aquarius" and is located in the constellation Aquarius. The name of this star, which is derived from the Arabic origin, was registered by the International Astronomical Union on 9/12/2016. The star Saad Bala' rises on February 13 at 6:12 AM Jordan time .

Saad Al Saud is associated with the name of the star Sadalsuud, whose scientific name is "Beta Aquarius", and it is a binary star located in the constellation Aquarius. The name of this star, which is derived from the Arabic origin, was registered by the International Astronomical Union on 8/21/2016. The star Saad Al Saud rises on February 26 at 5:55 AM Jordan time .

Saad Al-Khabaya (Al-Akhbia) is associated with the name of the star Sadachbia, and its scientific name is "Gamma Aquarius", and it is a star located in the constellation of Aquarius. This star, derived from the Arabic name, was registered by the International Astronomical Union on 8-21-2016. The star Saad Al-Khabaya rises on March 10 at 5:47 am Jordan time .

The winter pentagram stars, namely Saad Al-Dhabih, Saad Bala, Saad Al-Suud, and Saad Al-Khabaya, vary in appearance according to region and time and are linked to popular traditions in Jordan and the Arab region. They have several definitions according to the mechanism of astronomical observation, whether with telescopes or the naked eye. These stars can be observed with telescopes and optical devices from the Jordanian sky, and it is difficult to see them with the naked eye except in cases of high standard observation conditions .