The Siberian high is at its peak and extends over vast geographical areas.

Arab Weather - The Siberian system is considered one of the most important sources of cold continental air masses, especially the Polar Continental air masses. In the midst of the peak of winter, the Siberian high is at its strongest and extends over vast areas of the northern hemisphere, bringing with it harsh cold and dry weather to many parts of the world.

High pressure dominates vast geographical areas

The Siberian High covers a vast geographical area of the northern hemisphere, including Siberia and Central Asia. The Siberian High is the center of atmospheric pressure over Siberia, and it directly affects these areas, bringing very cold and dry air, reaching East Asia, including China, Mongolia, North and South Korea, and parts of India. The high brings cold northerly winds that cause temperatures to drop sharply in winter, reaching as far as Japan and Eastern Europe, including Belarus, leading to very cold and dry winters in these areas.

The high pressure system extends periodically towards the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East, including the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula. This leads to dry cold waves, causing a significant drop in temperatures in the winter.

What is the Siberian High?

The Siberian High is a large mass of cold air that gathers over the Siberian region of northeastern Eurasia. Because the pressure of the cold air is high, high pressure prevails in the areas it affects, and the temperature drops there. Extreme cold and dryness are the most important features of the Siberian High, because it is formed as a result of the extreme cooling of the Earth's surface over continental areas far from marine influences.

How does the construction of the Siberian High begin?

The process of building the Siberian High begins when the sun's rays begin to decrease in the northern regions of the globe, including Siberia. Solar radiation decreases, which leads to rapid cooling of the Earth's surface, especially at night. This results in the cooling of the air masses near the Earth's surface. With the long nights that characterize autumn in Siberia, the Earth's surface loses heat rapidly due to the process of radiative cooling, where the heat stored in the Earth is released into space, which cools the surface layer of air.

Cold air is dense and heavy, so it begins to collect at the surface. The denser the cold air, the higher the air pressure over the area, which leads to the formation of the Siberian High at 1000 to 850 millibars (the Siberian High does not build higher than this due to the heaviness and density of the cold air). Cold winds from the Arctic further cool the air over Siberia, which increases the strength of the high. This contributes to its formation on a large scale.

And God knows best.